Messier Objects Cross References

See also our list of NGC and IC numbers associated with Messier objects


  M1:  NGC 1952,  GC 1157,  h  357,  Bode 11;  BD +21 891;  Crab Nebula, Taurus A, 3C144, 4C+21.19, Taurus X-1, SNR G184.6-5.8, Ced 53, SNR 1054, W9, Sh2-244, IRAS 05314+2200
                  Crab Pulsar:  NP0532, PSR 0531+21
                  Crab Supernova:  SN 1054,  CM Tauri

  M2:  NGC 7089,  GC 4678,  h 2125,  Lalande 41928,  Bode 70,  Koehler No. 14;  BD -01 4175;  Mel 235,  GCL 121

  M3:  NGC 5272,  GC 3636,  h 1663;  BD +29 2450;  Mel 119,  GCL 25

  M4:  NGC 6121,  GC 4183,  Lac I.9,  deCh 19,  Bode 31;  B.A.C. 5455,  Mel 144,  GCL 41

  M5:  NGC 5904,  GC 4083,  h 1916,  Bode 29,  Koehler No. 13;  BD +02 2943;  Mel 133,  GCL 34

  M6:  NGC 6405,  GC 4318,  h 3699,  Dunlop 612,  Lac III.12,  deCh  1,  Ha II.4,  Bode 39;  Mel 178,  Cr 341,  OCL 1030,  BH 242 (vdB-Ha 242)

  M7:  NGC 6475,  GC 4340,  h 3710,  Lac II.14,  Ha II.2,  Bode 41,  Ptolemy 567,  Ulegh Begh 564,  Halley 29;  Mel 183,  Cr 354,  OCL 1097,  BH 254(vdB-Ha 254)

  M8:  NGC 6523,  GC 4361,  h 3722,  Lac III.13,  deCh  8,  Bode 44,  Bode 45 ?,  Koehler No. 3;  Lagoon Nebula;  Ced 152a, OCL 18, LBN 25, W29, Sh2-25
       NGC 6526,  GC 4363, H 5. 9; pt. of M8
       NGC 6530,  GC 4366, h 3725;  Cr 362,  OCL 19
       NGC 6533,  GC 4368, H 5. 13; pt. of M8

  M9:  NGC 6333,  GC 4287,  h 1979,  h 3677,  Bode 36;  BD -18 4488;  Mel 167,  GCL 60

 M10:  NGC 6254,  GC 4256,  h 1972,  h 3659,  Bode 33,  Koehler No. 4;  BD -03 4031;  Mel 157,  GCL 49

 M11:  NGC 6705,  GC 4437,  h 2019,  deCh 14,  Bode 62,  Koehler No. 20;  Mel 213,  Cr  391,  OCL 76

 M12:  NGC 6218,  GC 4238,  h 1971,  Bode 32,  Koehler No. 5;  BD -01 3245;  Mel 151,  GCL 46

 M13:  NGC 6205,  GC 4230,  h 1968,  Halley,  Bode 30,  Koehler No. 18;  BD +36 2768;  Mel 150,  GCL 45

 M14:  NGC 6402,  GC 4315,  h 1983,  h 3698,  Bode 37;  BD -03 4142;  Mel 175,  GCL  72

 M15:  NGC 7078,  GC 4670,  h 2120,  Lalande 40815,  Bode 71,  Koehler No. 15,  Struve 9;  BD +11 4577;  Mel 234,  GCL 120

 M16:  NGC 6611,  GC 4400,  h 2006,  deCh  4,  Bode 52;   Eagle Nebula Cl.,  Mel 198,  Cr 375,  OCL 54
       IC 4703 = Eagle Nebula, Star Queen Nebula, M16 Neb,  Ced 150, LBN 67

 M17:  NGC 6618,  GC 4403,  h 2008,  deCh 20,  Bode 54;   BD -16 4820;  Omega N, Horseshoe N, Checkmark N, Lobster N, Swan N;  Ced 161,  Cr 377,  OCL 44,  HD 168520, LBN 60, W38

 M18:  NGC 6613,  GC 4401,  h 2007,  Bode 53;  Cr 376,  OCL 40

 M19:  NGC 6273,  GC 4264,  h 1975,  h 3663,  Bode 35;  Mel 160,  GCL 52

 M20:  NGC 6514,  GC 4355,  h 1991,  h 3718,  H IV.41,  H V.10,  H V.11,  H V.12,  Bode 47;  Trifid Nebula;  Ced 151,  Cr 360,  OCL 23, LBN 27

 M21:  NGC 6531,  GC 4367,  h 1993,  Bode 50;  Mel 188,  Cr 363,  OCL 26

 M22:  NGC 6656,  GC 4424,  h 2015,  h 3753,  Lac I.12,  deCh 17,  Bode 57,  Koehler No. 1;  Mel 208,  GCL 99

 M23:  NGC 6494,  GC 4346,  h 1990,  Bode 42;  Mel 184,  Cr 356,  OCL 30

 M24: >NGC 6603,  IC 4715?,  GC 4397 (MWP M24),  h 2004,  Bode 51;  Ced 162
       NGC 6603:  Mel 197,  Cr 374,  OCL 36
                  Mrk 38: OCL 33, Biurakan 5
                  Cr 469: OCL 35
                  Tr 33: OCL 34

 M25:  IC 4725,  deCh  5,  Bode 56;  Bailey,  Mel 204,  Cr 382,  OCL 38

 M26:  NGC 6694,  GC 4432,  h 3758,  Bode 59;  Mel 212,  Cr 389,  OCL 67

 M27:  NGC 6853,  GC 4532,  h 2060,  Bode 67,  Koehler No. 7; BD +22 3878; Dumbbell Nebula, Diabolo N; PK 060-03.1, PN G060.8-03.6, ARO 14, He2-452, VV 246, WD 1957+225, IRAS 19574+2234

 M28:  NGC 6626,  GC 4406,  h 2010,  h 3743,  Bode 58 ?,  Koehler No. 2;  Mel 200,  GCL 94

 M29:  NGC 6913,  GC 4576,  h 2078,  Bode 69,  C.H. 6;  Cr 422,  OCL 168

 M30:  NGC 7099,  GC 4687,  h 2128,  h 3878,  Bode 68;  Mel 237,  GCL 122

 M31:  NGC  224,  GC  116,  h   50,  Ha III.3,  Bode  3,  Flamsteed 58,  Hevelius 32;  BD +40 148;  UGC 454,  Andromeda A

 M32:  NGC  221,  GC  117,  h   51,  Bode  2,  Struve 1;  BD +40 147;  UGC 452,  Arp 168

 M33:  NGC  598,  GC  352,  h  131,  H V.17,  Ha IV.4?,  Bode  5;  BD +29 261;  UGC 1117
       NGC  604 (bright HII region):  GC  355,  h  133,  H III.150

 M34:  NGC 1039,  GC  584,  h  248,  Ha IV.12,  Bode  7;  Mel  17,  Cr  31,  OCL 382

 M35:  NGC 2168,  GC 1360,  h  377,  deCh 12,  Bode 14;  Mel  41,  Cr  82,  OCL 466

 M36:  NGC 1960,  GC 1166,  h  358,  Ha II.7,  Bode 12,  Koehler No. 10;  Mel  37,  Cr  71,  OCL 445

 M37:  NGC 2099,  GC 1295,  h  369,  Ha II.7,  Bode 13;  Mel  38,  Cr  75,  OCL 451

 M38:  NGC 1922,  GC 1119,  Ha II.7,  Bode 9,  Koehler No. 11;  Mel  36,  Cr  67,  OCL 433

 M39:  NGC 7092,  GC 4681,  h 2126,  Bode 75;  Mel 236,  Cr 438, OCL 211

 M40:             Winnecke 4 (Win 4, WNC 4),  Bode 23
                  74 & 75 UMa = Hevelius 1496,  Bode 24

 M41:  NGC 2287,  GC 1454,  h  411,  Ha IV.2,  Flamsteed 965,  Bode 15;  Mel  52,  Cr 118,  OCL 597

 M42:  NGC 1976,  GC 1179,  h  360,  deCh 16,  Ha I.5,  Bode 10,  Flamsteed 748;  Theta Ori;  Orion Nebula,  Orion A,  Ced 55d, LBN 974, 3C 145
                  ONC = Orion Nebula Cluster, Trapezium Cl,  Theta1 Ori,  41 Ori,  STF 748, BD-05 1315, HD 37020, ADS 4186,  Ass Ori Ic,  OCL 528
		  BN/KL (Becklin-Neugebauer/Kleinman-Low), Ney-Allen N; OMC-1, OMC-2, OMC-3
		  tet01A (A1=V1016 Ori, A2; HD 37020, HR 1893), B (BM Ori, HD 37021, HR 1894),C (HD 37022, HR 1895),D (HD 37023, HR 1896)

 M43:  NGC 1982,  GC 1185,  H III.1?;  De Mainran's Nebula,  Ced 55g, RAFGL 779
                  NU Ori: HD 37061, BD-05 1325, IRAS 05330-0517

 M44:  NGC 2632,  GC 1681,  h  517,  deCh 11,  Ha II.1,  Ptolemy  449,  Ulegh Begh 446,  Tycho 576,  Hevelius 291,  Flamsteed 1213,  Bode 20;  Mel 88,  Cr 189,  OCL 507
                                                      
 M45:             Ha I.1,  Bode  8;  Bailey;  Mel  22,  Cr  42,  OCL 421  [also see M45 table for the Pleiades nebulae]
       NGC 1435 = Merope Nebula:  GC  768,  Auwers N.18,  Tempel's Nebula,  Ced 19j
       NGC 1432 = Maia Nebula, Brothers Henry's Nebula,  Ced 19f
       IC 349 = Part of Merope Nebula, Barnard's Merope Nebula,  Ced 19i

 M46:  NGC 2437,  GC 1564,  h  463,  C.H. 3;  Mel  75,  Cr 159,  OCL 601

 M47:  NGC 2422,  GC 1551,  h  459,  h 3088,  H VIII.38,  Ha IV.1;  Mel  68,  Cr 152,  OCL 596
       NGC 2478 = erroneous M47 position:  GC 1594

 M48:  NGC 2548,  GC 1637,  h  496,  H VI.22,  C.H. 5,  Bode (1782);  Mel  85,  Cr 179,  OCL 584

 M49:  NGC 4472,  GC 3021,  h 1294,  Oriani;  BD +08 2607;  Arp 134,  UGC 7629

 M50:  NGC 2323,  GC 1483,  h  425,  Bode 16;  Mel  58,  Cr 124,  OCL 559

 M51:  NGC 5194,  GC 3572,  h 1622,  Bode 25;  BD +47 2063;  Arp  85,  UGC 8493

 M51B: NGC 5195 (close companion, disc. Méchain):  GC 3574,  h 1623,  H I.186;  Arp 85,  UGC 8494

 M52:  NGC 7654,  GC 4957,  h 2238;  BD +60 2535;  Mel 243,  Cr 455,  OCL 260

 M53:  NGC 5024,  GC 3453,  h 1558,  Bode 26,  Struve 4;  BD +18 2701;  Mel 117,  GCL 22

 M54:  NGC 6715,  GC 4442,  h 3763,  Dunlop 624;  Mel 216,  GCL 104

 M55:  NGC 6809,  GC 4503,  h 3798,  Dunlop 620,  Lac I.14,  Bode 63;  Mel 221,  GCL 113

 M56:  NGC 6779,  GC 4485,  h 2036;  BD +29 3538;  Mel 220,  GCL 110

 M57:  NGC 6720,  GC 4447,  h 2023,  Darquier;  Ring Nebula, PK 063+13.1, PN G063.1+13.9, ARO 9, VV 214, WD 1851+329, HD 175353, IRAS 18517+3257

 M58:  NGC 4579,  GC 3121,  h 1368;  BD +12 2496;  UGC 7792

 M59:  NGC 4621,  GC 3155,  h 1386,  Koehler;  BD +12 2502;  UGC 7858

 M60:  NGC 4649,  GC 3182,  h 1408,  Oriani,  Koehler;  BD +12 2508;  Arp 116,  UGC 7898,  VV 206

 M61:  NGC 4303,  GC 2878,  h 1202,  H I.139,  Oriani;  UGC 7420

 M62:  NGC 6266,  GC 4261,  h 3661,  Dunlop 627;  Mel 159,  GCL 51,  BH 210 (vdB-Ha 210)

 M63:  NGC 5055,  GC 3474,  h 1570;  UGC 8334

 M64:  NGC 4826,  GC 3321,  h 1486,  Bode 77;  BD +22 2526;  UGC 8062,  PKS 1254+21

 M65:  NGC 3623,  GC 2373,  h  854;  BD +13 2386;  Arp 317,  UGC 6328,  VV 308

 M66:  NGC 3627,  GC 2377,  h  857,  h  875?;  BD +13 2390;  Arp  16,  Arp 317,  UGC 6346,  VV 308, PKS 1117+132

 M67:  NGC 2682,  GC 1712,  h  531,  Koehler No. 19;  BD +12 1926;  Mel  94,  Cr 204,  OCL 549

 M68:  NGC 4590,  GC 3128,  h 3404;  Mel 113,  GCL 20

 M69:  NGC 6637,  GC 4411,  h 3747,  Dunlop 613;  Mel 202,  GCL 96
       Lac I.11 (asterism near M69):  NGC 6634,  GC 5076,  Bode 46

 M70:  NGC 6681,  GC 4428,  h 3756,  Dunlop 614;  Mel 211,  GCL 101

 M71:  NGC 6838,  GC 4520,  h 2056,  deCh 13,  Koehler No. 7;  BD +18 4290;  Mel 226,  Cr 409,  GCL 115,  OCL 117

 M72:  NGC 6981,  GC 4608,  h 2090;  BD -13 5783;  Mel 233,  GCL 118

 M73:  NGC 6994,  GC 4617;  Cr 426,  OCL 89

 M74:  NGC  628,  GC  372,  h  142;  BD +15 238;  UGC 1149

 M75:  NGC 6864,  GC 4543,  h 2064;  BD -22 5331;  Mel 228,  GCL 116

 M76:  NGC  650,  GC  385;  Barbell Nebula, Cork Nebula, Little Dumbbell Nebula;  PK 130-10.1, PN G130.9-10.5,  ARO 2, VV 6, WD 0139+513, HD 10346, IRAS 01391+5119
       NGC  651 (NF),  GC  386,  H I.193

 M77:  NGC 1068,  GC  600,  h  262;  BD -00 412;  Arp 37,  UGC 2188,  Cetus A,  3C71,  4C-00.13,  PKS 0240-002

 M78:  NGC 2068,  GC 1267,  h  368;  BD +00 1177,  Ced 55u,  DG 80
                  M78 IR Cluster: "[LDEG91] 3", Lada 3

 M79:  NGC 1904,  GC 1112;  Mel 34,  GCL 10

 M80:  NGC 6093,  GC 4173,  h 3624;  BD -22 4135;  Mel 142,  GCL 39

 M81:  NGC 3031,  GC 1949,  h  649,  Bode 17,  Koehler No. 8A;  BD +69 543;  UGC 5318

 M82:  NGC 3034,  GC 1950,  H IV.79,  Bode 18,  Koehler No. 8B,  4H.ON.;  BD +70 588;  Arp 337,  UGC 5322,  Ursa Major A,  3C231

 M83:  NGC 5236,  GC 3606,  h 3523,  Dunlop 628,  Lac I.6,  Bode 27;  UGCA 366

 M84:  NGC 4374,  GC 2930,  h 1237;  BD +13 2531;  UGC 7494,  3C272.1

 M85:  NGC 4382,  GC 2946,  h 1242;  UGC 7508

 M86:  NGC 4406,  GC 2961,  h 1253;  BD +13 2533;  UGC 7532

 M87:  NGC 4486,  GC 3035,  h 1301;  BD +13 2546;  Arp 152,  UGC 7654,  Virgo A,  3C274

 M88:  NGC 4501,  GC 3049,  h 1312;  UGC 7675

 M89:  NGC 4552,  GC 3097,  h 1348;  UGC 7760

 M90:  NGC 4569,  GC 3111;  BD +13 2560;  Arp 76,  UGC 7786

 M91:  NGC 4548,  GC 3093,  h 1345,  H II.120;  UGC 7753
       NGC 4571 = erroneous "M91?" in GC:  GC 3120,  h 1367,  = GC 3113,  h 1362,  H III.602

 M92:  NGC 6341,  GC 4294,  Bode 76,  Lalande 31544;  BD +43 2711;  Mel 168,  GCL 59

 M93:  NGC 2447,  GC 1571,  h 3098,  C.H. 1;  Mel  76,  Cr 160,  OCL 649

 M94:  NGC 4736,  GC 3258,  h 1456;  BD +41 2333;  UGC 7996

 M95:  NGC 3351,  GC 2184,  h  743;  BD +12 2249;  UGC  5850, 3C 245

 M96:  NGC 3368,  GC 2194,  h  749;  BD +12 2253;  UGC  5882

 M97:  NGC 3587,  GC 2343,  h  838;  BD +55 1449;  Owl Nebula;  PK 148+57.1, PN G148.4+57.0, ARO 25, VV 59, WD 1111+552, IRAS 11119+5517

 M98:  NGC 4192,  GC 2786,  h 1132;  BD +15 2429;  UGC 7231

 M99:  NGC 4254,  GC 2838,  h 1173;  UGC 7345

M100:  NGC 4321,  GC 2890,  h 1211;  UGC 7450

M101:  NGC 5457,  GC 3770,  h 1744;  BD +55 1651;  Arp 26,  UGC 8981

M102:  NGC 5866,  GC 4058,  h 1909,  H I.215;  BD +56 1783;  UGC 9723

M103:  NGC  581,  GC  341,  h  126;  Struve 131;  Mel  8,  Cr  14,  OCL 326

M104:  NGC 4594,  GC 3132,  h 1376,  H I.43;  BD -10 3525;  UGCA 293

M105:  NGC 3379,  GC 2203,  h  757,  H I.17;  UGC 5902

M106:  NGC 4258,  GC 2841,  h 1175,  H V.43;  BD +48 2012;  UGC 7353

M107:  NGC 6171,  GC 4211,  h 3637,  H VI.40;  BD -12 4537;  Mel 148,  GCL 44

M108:  NGC 3556,  GC 2318,  h  831,  H V.46;  UGC 6225

M109:  NGC 3992,  GC 2635,  h 1030,  H IV.61;  UGC 6937

M109B: NGC 3953,  GC 2606,  h 1011,  H V.45;  UGC 6870

M110:  NGC  205,  GC  105,  h   44,  H V.18,  C.H. 9;  BD +40 141;  UGC 426

Key:

H:: William Herschel
C.H.:: Caroline Herschel
h:: John Herschel (1833, 1847)
GC:: General Catalog, John Herschel 1864
Lac:: Lacaille
deCh:: de Chéseaux
Bode:: Johann Elert Bode's "Complete Catalog" of 77 deepsky objects (1779 version)
Ha:: Hodierna
BD:: Bonner Durchmusterung (entry in star catalog): E. Schönfeld, 1886. Bonner Durchmusterung des südlichen Himmels. Eds Marcus and Weber's Verlag, Bonn, 0 (1886). [ADS: 1886BD....C......0S], and:
Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander, 1903. Bonner Durchmusterung des nördlichen Himmels. Eds Marcus and Weber's Verlag, Bonn, 0 (1903) [ADS: 1903BD....C......0A]
CD:: Cordoba Durchmusterung (entry in star catalog): John M. Thome, 1892 to 1914 and C.D. Perrine, 1932. Cordoba Durchmusterung. Declination -22 to -32: Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino, vol. 16, pp. 1-604 (1892) [ADS: 1892RNAO...16....1T], Declination -32 to -42: Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino, Vol. 17, pp. 1-538 (1894) [ADS: 1894RNAO...17....1T], Declination -42 to -52: Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino, Vol. 18, pp. 1-502 (1900) [ADS: 1900RNAO...18....1T] Declination -52 to -62: Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino, Vol. 21, pp. 1-305 (1914) [ADS: 1914RNAO...21....1T] Declination -62 to -90: Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino, Vol. 21, pp. 1-140 (1932) [ADS: 1932RNAO...21....1P]
Cr:: Per Collinder, 1931. On Structural Properties of Open Galactic Clusters and their Spatial Distribution. Catalog of Open Galactic Clusters. Annals of the Observatory of Lund, vol. 2, pp. B1-B46 (1931) [ADS: 1931AnLun...2....1C]
Mel:: P.J. Melotte, 1915. A Catalogue of Star Clusters shown on Franklin-Adams Chart Plates. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. LX [60], Part V, pp. 175-186 + Pl. 16-17 [ADS: 1915MmRAS..60..175M]
BH, vdB-Ha (VDBH):: van den Bergh, Hagen, 1975. Uniform survey of clusters in the southern Milky Way. Astronomical Journal, Vol. 80, pp. 11-16 (January 1975) [ADS: 1975AJ.....80...11V]
GCL:: J. Ruprecht et.al. 1981. Catalogue of Star Clusters and Associations. Supplement II. Globular Clusters. [ADS: 1983SvA....27..358R]. SIMBAD Catalog VII/44B - [ADS: 1995yCat.7044....0R].
OCL:: J. Ruprecht et.al. 1983. Catalogue of Star Clusters and Associations. Supplement III. Open Clusters. [ADS: 1981csca.book.....R]. SIMBAD Catalog VII/101A - [ADS: 1996yCat.7101....0R].
PK:: L. Perek and L. Kohoutek. Catalogue of Planetary Nebulae. Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, 1967. [ADS: 1967cgpn.book.....P]. Plus later supplements.
L. Kohoutek, 2001. Version 2000 of the Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae. Astronomy and Astrophysics, v. 378, pp. 843-846 (November 2001). [ADS: 2001A&A...378..843K]. Simbad Catalog IV/24 - [ADS: 2001yCat.4024....0K]
ARO:: Algonquin Radio Observatory. L.A. Higgs, 1971. Catalog of radio observations of planetary nebulae, related optical data. Publications of The Astrophysics Branch, Nat. Research Council Canada, Vol. 1, No. 1, Dominion Observatory (1971). [ADS: 1971PAB.....1....1H]
He2 (Hen 2):: Karl G. Henize, 1967. Observations of Southern Planetary Nebulae. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 14, pp. 125-153 (April 1967). [ADS: 1967ApJS...14..125H]
3C:: Third Cambridge Catalogue. D.O. Edge et.al., 1959. A survey of radio sources at a frequency of 159 Mc/s. Mem. R. Astron. Soc., Vol. 68, pp. 37-60 (1959) [ADS: 1959MmRAS..68...37E]
Arp:: H.C. Arp, 1966. Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 14, pp. 1-20 + plate 1-57 (November 1966). [ADS: 1966ApJS...14....1A]. Available onlinei (NED). See Dennis Webb's Online Catalog.
UGC:: Uppsala General Catalogue: Peter N. Nilson, 1973. Uppsala general catalogue of Galaxies. Royal Society of Science of Uppsala, Astronomical Observatory, Uppsala [ADS: 1973ugcg.book.....N]. Available online (NED)
UGCA:: Uppsala General Catalogue, Addendum: Peter N. Nilson, 1974. Catalog of Selected Non-UGC Galaxies. Upps. Astron. Obs. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 0 (1974) [ADS: 1974UppOR...5....0N]
Lada, "[LDEG91]": Charles J. Lada and Elizabeth A. Lada, 2003. Embedded clusters in molecular clouds. Annual Review of Astronomy &Astrophysics, vol. 41, pp. 57-115. [ADS: 2003ARA&A..41...57L] - [Preprint: arXiv:astro-ph/0301540]. Available online.
LBN:: Lynds Bright Nebulae: Beverly T. Lynds, 1965. Catalogue of Bright Nebulae. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, vol. 12, pp. 163-185 (August 1965) [ADS: 1965ApJS...12..163L]
Sh2:: Stewart Sharpless, 1959. A catalogue of HII regions. Astrophysical Journal Supplement, vol. 4, pp. 257-279 (December 1959). [ADS: 1959ApJS....4..257S]
VV:: B.A. Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov, 1934. Catalogue of planetary nebulae with a statistical discussion of the subject. Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 11, pp. 40-59 (1934) [ADS: 1934AZh....11...40V]
W:: G. Westerhout, 1958. A survey of the continuous radiation from the Galactic System at a frequency of 1390 Mc/s. Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands, Vol. 14, pp. 215-260 (December 1958). [ADS: 1958BAN....14..215W]
WD:: White Dwarf (star designation). E.g., G.P. Cook and E.M. Sion, 1977. A catalogue of spectroscopically identified white dwarfs. Villanova University Observatory Contributions. [ADS: 1977VilCo...2....0C]

Cross References for some Non-Messier Objects

Hartmut Frommert
Christine Kronberg
[contact]

Last Modification: December 21, 2025