Bode's "Messier Catalog"

Johann Elert Bode published his version of the second part of the Messier Catalog, a translation to the German, in 1783 in his Astronomisches Jahrbuch for 1786, 2 years after it got originally published. Bode does not include the first objects, M1-M45, as he had them already included in his 1777 list.

Given below is a translation to the English (by H. Frommert).

Note that Bode does not give the Messier numbers in his publication; these are given here for easier identification. Also note that Bode does not list the "late" objects M101-M103.


Star Clusters and Nebulae, observed by Mess.'s Messier and Mechain since 1771.

From the Connoissance des tems for 1783 and 1784.
                      Right      Declina-  Constitution and indication: if
[Id]                Ascension     tion     and where in these are indica-
                      D  M  S   D  M  S    ted in my new sky charts.

M 46 1771 Feb 19 112 47 43 14 19 7 S a cl. of very sm. stars with some nebula; No. 73 in the ship *) bet- ween the Big Dog and the Unicorn M 47 19 116 3 58 14 50 8 S Star cluster without nebula; East of the previous. No. 74 in Argo. M 48 19 120 36 0 1 16 42 S a cl. of very small stars without neb.; No. 35 in the Unicorn M 49 19 184 26 58 9 19 9 N a pale neb. at Rho Vir; No. 165 Vir also obs. by Oriani. See Jahrb 1784, p. 181. M 50 1772 Apr 5 102 57 28 7 57 42 S Star cluster No. 37 Unicorn is No 16 of my list of nebulous stars (S. Ephemerides f. 1779) M 51 1774 Jan 11 200 5 48 48 24 24 N a pale nebula, No. 52 Hunting Dog is No. 25 of my list (on Jan 5, 1774 discovered by me) M 52 1774 Sep 7 348 39 27 60 22 12 N Cluster of very sm. stars with some nebula. No. 72 in Cassiopeia. M 53 1777 Feb 26 195 30 26 19 22 44 N Nebula without stars, No. 59. Hair of Berenice, No. 26 of my list (on Feb 3, 1775 discovered by me.) M 54 1778 Jul 24 280 12 55 30 44 1 S pale nebula, No. 164 in the Arch. M 55 24 291 30 25 31 26 27 S Neb. No. 143 in the Archer, already observed by de la Caille and my No. 63 M 56 1779 Jan 23 287 0 1 29 48 14 N Nebula, No. 84 in the Swan M 57 31 281 20 8 32 46 3 N Neb. No. 29 in the Lyre, already observed by Darquier (S. Jahrbuch 1784, p. 199) M 58 Apr 15 186 37 23 13 2 42 N very pale Neb. } No. 148, 149 M 59 15 187 41 38 12 52 36 N Nebula } and 150 in M 60 15 188 6 53 12 46 2 N Neb. a bit brighter } the Virgin than the two preced. M 61 May 11 182 41 5 5 42 5 N very pale nebula, No. 164 Vir already observed by Oriani (S. Jahrb. 1984, p. 181) M 62 Jun 4 251 48 24 29 45 30 S Very beautiful Neb. No. 76 in Sco M 63 14 196 5 30 43 12 37 N Neb. pale, is No. 39 in the Hunting Dogs. M 64 1780 Mar 1 191 27 38 22 52 31 N Small neb. No 58 in Berenice's Hair, discovered by me on Apr. 4, 1779 M 65 1 166 50 54 14 16 8 N two pale } No. 164 and 166 in the M 66 1 167 11 39 14 12 21 N nebulae } Lion M 67 Apr 6 129 6 57 12 36 38 N Star cl. with nebula, No. 131 Cnc; discovered by Mr. Köhler (S. Ephemerides f. 1782, p. 155) M 68 9 186 54 33 25 30 20 S Very pale nebula; No. 26 in the con- tinuation of the Water Snake, situated below the Raven M 69 Aug 31 274 11 46 32 31 45 S two } No. 161 and 163 M 70 31 277 13 16 32 31 7 S nebulae } in the Archer M 71 * Oct 4 295 59 9 18 13 0 N Neb.; No 19 in the Arrow, discovered by Mr. Köhler (S. Ephemerides f. 1782, p. 155) M 72 * 4 310 20 49 13 20 51 S Nebula, above the neck } of the Seagoat } West and M 73 4 311 43 4 13 28 40 S Star Cl. with nebula } near East of preceding } Nu Aqr M 74 * 18 21 14 9 14 39 35 N pale nebulae; west of Eta at the ribbon of the Fish. M 75 * 18 298 17 24 22 32 23 S Nebula, between the head of Sgr and of Cap; below No. 123. Sgr. M 76 * 21 22 10 47 50 28 48 N small neb. above Phi at the northern foot of Andromed. M 77 * Dec 17 37 52 33 0 57 43 S Star cl with nebula, southeast below Delta at the throat of the Whale M 78 * 17 83 53 35 0 1 23 S Star cl. with nebula, east of Delta at the belt of Orion M 79 * 17 78 49 2 24 42 57 S Nebula, below the forefeet of the Hare M 80 * 1781 Jan 4 240 59 48 22 25 13 S Nebula, in the Scorpion, west of Rho Ophiuch. M 81 * Feb 9 144 27 44 70 7 24 N Nebula. } No. 117 a. 118 in Gt. M 82 * 9 144 29 22 70 44 27 N Pale nebula. } Bear. Alr. discovered } by me Dec 31, 1774 M 83 17 201 8 13 28 42 27 S Pale nebula. No. 16 in the Centaur already observed by de la Caille. M 84 Mar 18 183 30 21 14 7 1 N Nebula, at the northern wing of Vir Southwest below No. 18 Vir. M 85 * 18 183 35 21 19 24 26 N Very pale neb. east of No. 11 in Berenice's Hair M 86 * 18 183 46 21 14 9 52 N Very pale nebula, near the preceding Southwest below No. 18 Vir. M 87 * 18 184 57 6 13 38 1 N Pale nebula, } are all above M 88 * 18 185 15 49 15 37 51 N Very pale neb. } the star Rho at M 89 * 18 186 9 36 13 46 49 N Very pale neb. } the northern M 90 * 18 186 27 0 14 22 50 N Very pale neb. } wing of the M 91 * 18 186 37 0 14 57 6 N Extremely pale neb.} Virgin **) M 92 18 257 38 3 43 21 59 N a beautiful and bri. neb. No. 121 in Hercul. on Dec 27, 1777 discovered by me (S. Ephem. f. 1782 page 156) M 93 20 113 48 35 23 19 45 S Star cl. without nebula, northwest above Zeta in th Ship M 94 * 24 190 10 46 42 18 43 N Neb. at the head of Chara M 95 * 24 158 3 5 12 50 21 N pale nebula } are both above the M 96 * 24 158 46 20 12 58 9 N very pale neb. } star l in the Lion M 97 24 165 18 40 56 13 30 N very pale neb. east of Beta in the Great Bear M 98 * Apr 13 180 50 49 16 8 15 N Extremely pale neb. west of No. 6 in Coma Berenices M 99 * 13 181 55 19 15 37 12 N very pale neb. east of No. 6 there M100 * 13 182 59 19 16 59 21 N very pale neb. even further northea.
The objects marked with * [an asterix] were observed by Mr. Mechain, but the others by Mr. Messier [note this is Bode's assignment, partly different from Messier's and modern]; In addition, Mr. Mechain has again discovered some new nebulous stars, of which he gives report in his letter following later [in the same Jahrbuch, p. 232-234]. Those whose position are printed in other typeface [italics] are still missing in my sky charts [typically the objects that are not in Messier's second, 1783 catalog, i.e. beyond M68], because they have come to my knowledge only recently, and can be placed in them from their Roght Ascension and Declination.


*) This No. are to be understood after my descriptions in the complete star catalog of 5058 stars, added of the sky charts.
**) The constellation of Virgo and in particular the northern wing is very particularly filled with different nebulae, in this list there occur 11 of them. All these nebulae show not a single star involved, they are very pale and can be found only in a very clear sky and when they are near the meridian. Most of them have been indicated to me by Mr. Mechain.


Reference:


Hartmut Frommert [contact]
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